|
''Suillus pungens'', commonly known as the pungent slippery jack or the pungent suillus, is a species of fungus in the genus ''Suillus''. The fruit bodies of the fungus have slimy convex caps up to wide. The mushroom is characterized by the very distinct color changes that occur in the cap throughout development. Typically, the young cap is whitish, later becoming grayish-olive to reddish-brown or a mottled combination of these colors. The mushroom has a dotted stem (stipe) up to long, and thick. On the underside on the cap is the spore-bearing tissue consisting of minute vertically arranged tubes that appear as a surface of angular, yellowish pores. The presence of milky droplets on the pore surface of young individuals, especially in humid environments, is a characteristic feature of this species. ''S. pungens'' can usually be distinguished from other similar ''Suillus'' species by differences in distribution, odor and taste. The mushroom is considered edible, but not highly regarded. An ectomycorrhizal species, ''S. pungens'' forms an intimate mutualistic relationship between its underground mycelium and the young roots of the associated host tree. The fungus—limited in distribution to California—fruits almost exclusively with Monterey and bishop pine, two trees with small and scattered natural ranges concentrated in the West Coast of the United States. Several studies have investigated the role of ''S. pungens'' in the coastal Californian forest ecosystem it occupies. Although the species produces more fruit bodies than other competing ectomycorrhizal fungi in the same location, it is not a dominant root colonizer, and occupies only a small percentage of ectomycorrhizal root tips. The fungus's propensity to fruit prolifically despite minimal root colonization is a result of its ability to efficiently transfer nutrients from its host for its own use. ==Taxonomy, classification, and phylogeny== The fungus was first described scientifically by American mycologists Harry D. Thiers and Alexander H. Smith in their 1964 monograph on North American ''Suillus'' species. The type collection was made on the campus of San Francisco State University in San Francisco.〔 Smith and Thiers classified ''S. pungens'' in section ''Suilli''—a grouping of related species characterized by the presence of either a ring on the stipe, a partial veil adhering to the cap margin, or a "false veil" not attached to the stipe but initially covering the tube cavity.〔Smith and Thiers (1964), p. 67.〕 A 1996 molecular analysis of 38 different ''Suillus'' species used the sequences of their internal transcribed spacers to infer phylogenetic relationships and clarify the taxonomy of the genus. The results suggest that ''S. pungens'' was genetically similar to ''S. collinitus'', ''S. neoalbidipes'', ''S. pseudobrevipes'', ''S. luteus'', ''S. brevipes'', ''S. weaverae'', and certain isolates of ''S. granulatus''.〔 The specific epithet is derived from the Latin ''pungens'',〔 and refers to the pungent aroma of the fruit bodies. The mushroom is commonly known as the "pungent slippy jack"〔 or the "pungent suillus".〔Bessette ''et al''. (2000), p. 250.〕 It has also been referred to as the "slippery jack",〔 a common name applied to several ''Suillus'' species. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Suillus pungens」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|